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991.
992.
James Shaw-Stewart Bryan Chu Thomas Lippert Ylenia Maniglio Matthias Nagel Frank Nüesch Alexander Wokaun 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2011,105(3):713-722
Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) has been investigated for bilayer transfer material systems: silver/organic film (Alq3 or PFO). The LIFT process uses an intermediate dynamic release layer of a triazene polymer. This study focuses on the effect
of introducing a controlled donor–receiver substrate gap distance and the effect of doing the transfer at reduced air pressures,
whilst varying the fluence up to ∼200 mJ/cm2. The gap between ‘in-contact’ substrates has been measured to be a minimum of 2–3 μm. A linear variation in the gap width
from ‘in contact’ to 40 μm has been achieved by adding a spacer at one side of the substrate–substrate sandwich. At atmospheric
pressure, very little transfer is achieved for Alq3, although PFO shows some signs of successful doughnut transfer (with a large hole in the middle) in a narrow fluence range, at gaps greater than 20 μm. For the transfer of Ag/PFO
bilayers at atmospheric pressure, the addition of a PFO layer onto the receiver substrate improved the transfer enormously
at smaller gaps and higher fluences. However, the best transfer results were obtained at reduced pressures where a 100% transfer
success rate is obtained within a certain fluence window. The quality of the pixel morphology at less than 100 mbar is much
higher than at atmospheric pressure, particularly when the gap width is less than 20 μm. These results show the promise of
LIFT for industrial deposition processes where a gap between the substrates will improve the throughput. 相似文献
993.
Evaluating the accuracy of theoretical one‐bond 13C─13C scalar couplings and their ability to predict structure in a natural product 下载免费PDF全文
Jacob Powell Domenic Valenti Harley Bobnar Erika Drain Blaine Elliott Sydney Frank Tyler McCullough Sean Moore Andrew Kettring Robbie Iuliucci James K. Harper 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2017,55(11):979-989
This study explores the feasibility of using a combination of experimental and theoretical 1‐bond 13C─13C scalar couplings (1JCC) to establish structure in organic compounds, including unknowns. Historically, nJCC and nJCH studies have emphasized 2 and 3‐bond couplings, yet 1JCC couplings exhibit significantly larger variations. Moreover, recent improvements in experimental measurement and data processing methods have made 1JCC data more available. Herein, an approach is evaluated in which a collection of theoretical structures is created from a partial nuclear magnetic resonance structural characterization. Computed 1JCC values are compared to experimental data to identify candidates giving the best agreement. This process requires knowledge of the error in theoretical methods, thus the B3LYP, B3PW91, and PBE0 functionals are evaluated by comparing to 27 experimental values from INADEQUATE. Respective errors of ±1.2, ±3.8, and ±2.3 Hz are observed. An initial test of this methodology involves the natural product 5‐methylmellein. In this case, only a single candidate matches experimental data with high statistical confidence. This analysis establishes the intramolecular hydrogen‐bonding arrangement, ring heteroatom identity, and conformation at one position. This approach is then extended to hydroheptelidic acid, a natural product not fully characterized in prior studies. The experimental/theoretical approach proposed herein identifies a single best‐fit structure from among 26 candidates and establishes, for the first time, 1 configuration and 3 conformations to complete the characterization. These results suggest that accurate and complete structural characterizations of many moderately sized organic structures (<800 Da) may be possible using only 1JCC data. 相似文献
994.
995.
996.
997.
In the even dimensional case the discrete Dirac equation may be reduced to the so-called discrete isotonic Dirac system in
which suitable Dirac operators appear from both sides in half the dimension. This is an appropriated framework for the development
of a discrete Martinelli–Bochner formula for discrete holomorphic functions on the simplest of all graphs, the rectangular
\mathbbZm{\mathbb{Z}^m} one. Two lower-dimensional cases are considered explicitly to illustrate the closed analogy with the theory of continuous
variables and the developed discrete scheme. 相似文献
998.
Dawud H. Tan Chunfeng Zhou Christopher J. Ellison Satish Kumar Christopher W. Macosko Frank S. Bates 《ournal of non Newtonian Fluid Mechanics》2010,165(15-16):892-900
Both melt viscosity (ηo) and elasticity (correlated here with the longest melt relaxation time λ1) were found to control the diameter distribution of meltblown fibers. Fibers were formed by melt blowing binary polystyrene (PS) blends containing widely differing component molecular weights using a custom-built laboratory apparatus. Varying the concentration and molecular weight of a high molecular weight PS provided independent control over ηo and λ1. These rheological parameters influence the average diameter (dav) and the distribution of diameters (coefficient of variation, CV) of meltblown fibers in different ways. Increasing ηo leads to an increase in dav but has little impact on CV. On the other hand, increasing λ1 beyond a threshold value reduces CV while simultaneously increasing dav. A one-dimensional slender-jet theoretical model with both upper convected Maxwell and Phan–Thien and Tanner constitutive equations was developed to investigate the influence of viscoelasticity and processing parameters on the properties of meltblown fibers. This model predicts a strong dependence of fiber diameter on the air shear stress and variations in fiber diameter with viscoelasticity that are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results. We believe these results suggest that carefully controlling the viscoelastic profile of polymers used in melt blowing is a viable approach for producing nanofibers with narrow fiber diameter distributions using current commercial equipment. 相似文献
999.
Reto Glaus Ralf Kaegi Frank Krumeich Detlef Günther 《Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy》2010,65(9-10):812-822
In laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS), the properties of laser-generated aerosols, such as size and composition, are crucial for matrix-independent quantification. In this study, the aerosol particle morphology and elemental composition generated by two state-of-the-art laser systems (ArF excimer nanosecond-UV laser and Ti:sapphire femtosecond-IR laser) were investigated by electron microscopic techniques. Electrostatic sampling of the aerosols directly onto transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids allowed us to study the morphology and elemental composition of the aerosols using TEM and TEM–EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analyses, respectively. The results of the electron microscopic studies were finally compared to the LA-ICPMS signals of the main matrix components. The investigations were carried out for non-conducting materials (glass and zircon), metallic samples (steel and brass) and semiconductors (sulfides). The studies confirm that ns-LA-generated aerosols dominantly consist of nanoparticle agglomerates while conducting samples additionally contain larger spherical particles (diameter typically 50 to 500 nm). In contrast to ns-laser ablation, fs-LA-generated aerosols consist of a mixture of spherical particles and nanoparticle agglomerates for all investigated samples. Surprisingly, the differences in elemental composition between nanoparticle agglomerates and spherical particles produced with fs-LA were much more pronounced than in the case of ns-LA, especially for zircon (Si/Zr fractionation) and brass (Cu/Zn fractionation). These observations indicate different ablation and particle formation mechanisms for ns- and fs-LA. The particle growth mechanism for ns-LA is most likely a gas-to-particle conversion followed by agglomeration and additional hydrodynamic sputtering for conducting samples. On the other hand, phase explosion is assumed to be responsible for the mixture of large spherical particles and nanoparticle agglomerates as found for fs-LA-generated aerosols. Based on these mechanisms, the overall temporal elemental fractionation effects in ns-LA-ICPMS seem to occur mainly during the ablation. This effect was not observed for fs-LA-ICPMS despite the element separation into different particle fractions, which, on the other hand, could induce severe ICP-induced fractionation. 相似文献
1000.
An analogue of a theorem of Abels [A] reducing the proper action of a non-compact Lie group to a compact transformation group
is proved for the Hamiltonian setting.
Received: 26 June 1997 / Revised version: 12 October 1998 相似文献